Skip to main content
Linklaters

Investing in Saudi Arabia

Your guide to foreign inbound investment in the Kingdom
Find out more

A growing economy

The growth and importance of Saudi Arabia’s economy is widely recognised and it is becoming increasingly attractive to foreign investors. It is the largest economy in the Middle East, with a GDP of SAR 2.9 trillion (US$ 782 billion) in 2018, and it aims to be one of the largest economies in the world over the coming decade.

Domestic transformation

The Vision 2030 and the National Transformation Programme promise change for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s economy and wider society. Central to the Vision 2030 is the diversification of Saudi Arabia’s economy, moving from a public sector-based, oil-dependent economy towards a more balanced economy with a thriving private sector. The ambition is to increase the private sector’s contribution to approximately 65 per cent. of the country’s GDP, up from its current contribution of approximately 40 per cent., with an increase in non-oil government revenue from SAR 163 billion (US$ 43 billion) to SAR 1 trillion (US$ 270 billion). Domestic private sector growth is to be boosted with a comprehensive privatisation programme driven by the National Center for Privatization & PPP (NCP) and the development of domestic industry sectors.

Global ambitions

Saudi Arabia is increasingly integrated in the world economy, a trend which has accelerated since the country joined the World Trade Organisation in 2005. The Kingdom is investing significantly in developing international partnerships and trade links and is attracting foreign inbound investment and expertise. This is supported by a strengthening legal and regulatory framework as set out in more detail in this guide. Many of the changes in this area demonstrate Saudi Arabia’s evolution towards global commercial rules and standards. Complying with international business standards and treaties will continue to help inbound and outbound investment succeed, which is especially important in an era of cross-border regulatory scrutiny and political anxiety about foreign investments into strategic sectors.

This guide analyses how Saudi Arabia’s economy and laws are evolving to support foreign inbound investment.
Waleed-Rasromani_118x157
The regulatory landscape in Saudi Arabia has transformed significantly in recent years, particularly in the spheres of corporate law and capital markets, providing increased legal certainty for foreign investors. We assist international clients in a range of sectors with their inbound investments into the Kingdom, and we are seeing an increasingly flexible approach by the authorities as the objectives of the Vision 2030 are realised.

Waleed Rasromani, Head of Corporate

Saudi Arabia

Key themes

With an overall investment climate that is increasingly buoyant, analysts expect the Saudi economy to grow in 2019 and beyond, supported by higher oil prices, the development of non-oil sectors and reforms to improve the investment climate and private sector growth. Over the last few years, an extensive programme of modernisation has woven aspects of international best practice into the commercial legal landscape. This landscape continues to evolve. Here are the key themes of this guide:

Current investment climate
Liberalisation of inbound foreign investment
What do foreign investors need to know?
Investment opportunities
Competition law in Saudi Arabia

Current investment climate

Following a lull in inbound M&A activity, analysts expect Saudi Arabia to be the centre of cross-border activity in the region going forwards, as economic reform and the recent inclusion of Saudi Arabia in MSCI’s Emerging Markets Index stimulate investment.

  • Outbound: In 2018, the Public Investment Fund (PIF) invested US$ 45 billion in the world’s largest technology-focused investment fund, SoftBank’s Vision Fund (valued at over US$ 115 billion). The PIF plans nearly to double its assets under management to US$ 400 billion by 2020 and eventually grow to US$ 2 trillion before 2030. 
  • Inbound: The Vision 2030 offers extensive and novel opportunities for those wishing to invest in Saudi Arabia, enabled by relaxations in the foreign investment regime and a privatisation strategy led by the NCP. 
  • Domestic: Saudi Arabia’s changing demographics has led to demand for, and increased focus on, producing increasingly higher value goods and services. Consumer demand is spurred by the 70 per cent. of the population in Saudi Arabia which is under the age of 30.

Liberalisation of inbound foreign investment

Saudi Arabia’s foreign investment regime is one of the most formalised and transparent in the Middle East. The Kingdom’s economy and laws continue to evolve to support foreign inbound investment. Across all sectors, inbound M&A into Saudi Arabia reached US$ 8.3 billion in 2018.

  • Foreign investment regime: The Kingdom operates a sector-based approach to regulating levels of foreign investment in domestic companies. Generally, full foreign ownership of local businesses is permitted with a foreign investment licence, provided that the business operates in a sector which in which foreign investment is not restricted or prohibited.
  • Investing in listed companies: Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs) can invest directly in companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul), subject to certain limits. Regulations permitting QFIs to invest directly in companies listed on Tadawul, originally issued in 2015, have been further liberalised by reducing the required assets under management to US$ 500 million from US$ 1 billion.

What do foreign investors need to know?

The first step in assessing the viability of an investment in Saudi Arabia is to determine whether the industry in question is open to foreign investment. If it is, then the following issues need to be considered:

  • Can I invest? The maximum level of foreign ownership permitted may vary depending on the sector. 
  • How do I invest? Various government licences and approvals are usually required. These will have implications on timing and process. 
  • What else do I need to be aware of? There may be other restrictions or requirements on foreign-funded enterprises as compared with domestic Saudi-funded enterprises.

Investment opportunities

Saudi Arabia’s plan to reform its state-owned enterprises is a central part of restructuring the domestic economy. The NCP is enabling the privatisation of a range of important sectors. There should also be more targeted opportunities for M&A transactions and investment in initial public offerings (IPOs). Looking ahead, the Kingdom is looking to transform Saudi Aramco, the state oil producer, into a global industrial conglomerate through an IPO and this is expected to occur by 2020.

Competition law in Saudi Arabia

Omar El Sayed
The Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority has recently made changes to its licensing procedures, in an effort to modernise the application process, in turn making the process of investing in Saudi Arabia much easier and more transparent.

Omar El Sayed, Banking & Finance Partner

Riyadh

Download your copy of the guide:

Investing in Saudi Arabia: Your guide to foreign inbound investment in the Kingdom




DOWNLOAD >
investing in saudi arabia cover image

Created in conjunction with Zamakhchary & Co.

zamkhchary co logo

Key Contacts for investing in Saudi Arabia
Speak to one of our key contacts