The Phase 2 cases represented in this pie chart include five cases that are not recorded in Platypus’ Phase 1 statistics. This is because the date of the CMA Phase 2 referral decision for these cases was in 2018, and Platypus’ Phase 1 statistics record CMA decisions from 1 January 2019.
Phase 2 Outcomes
Period 1 Jan 2019 to 15 November 2023
Deal mortality and remedies endgames in UK Phase 2 (set of 55 cases – substantive outcomes including PFs):
- 59% result in deal mortality (comprising prohibition, unwind, and deal abandonment upon referral or during Phase 2); this compares to 30% for the period from CMA formation to end 2017;
- 76% result in "intervention" in the sense of deal mortality or imposition of remedies, with 24% unconditionally cleared; this 76:24 split compares to a 56:44 split for the period from CMA formation to end 2017, which was consistent with the perceived Competition Commission (CC) long-run rate of approximately 50:50 from the introduction of the Enterprise Act to CMA formation (from mid-2003 to end March 2014).
Completed deals and non-notified deals going to Phase 2 (set of 57 cases – all Phase 2 cases):
- 40% of cases sent to Phase 2 are completed deals, i.e. subject to hold-separate orders (IEOs) etc. and risk of substantive intervention (14 deal unwinds in the period);
- 37% of cases were own-initiative cases “called in” by CMA Mergers Intelligence rather than being proactively notified.
Parallel Review:
- Following the UK's departure from the EU, the one-stop-shop principle (whereby cases notified to the European Commission need not be notified to individual EU Member States) ceased to apply to the UK, creating the possibility of parallel EU/UK review.
- 19% of Phase 2 cases have been/are being reviewed in parallel by the European Commission and the CMA (11 total).
Read our blog post on deal mortality here. Statistical definitions and more detail on our core stats modules can be found here:
On the subject of deal mortality, see also Break Fee at Tiffany’s? – on our Linking Competition global competition blog site.
The CMA’s Call of Duty: merger process introspection and proposed system reform
The CMA’s Sarah Cardell and Martin Coleman gave important speeches on UK merger control today which seek to provide more engagement to merger parties in Phase 2 merger investigations and revise the CMA’s guidance in relation to deals in markets considered too small to warrant in-depth Phase 2 investigation.
These changes promise to materially alter how merger parties will interact with the CMA in complex and important cases going forward.
Three years of Platypus, and five suggestions to improve Phase 2
The CMA issued a “call for information” seeking feedback on its process for Phase 2 merger reviews. The CMA has invited views on whether there are aspects of the process that could work better – Platypus has a few.
In this Platypus post, we summarise our top five suggestions for procedural changes that we believe would improve the process for the CMA and merging parties alike.
Is breaking up that hard to do?: taking stock on parallel EU/UK merger reviews since Brexit "freedom"
The end of January marked two years since the UK regained the post Brexit “freedom” to assess “big-target”, big-ticket global deals that were previously reviewed by the European Commission, giving rise to the possibility of differing merger control decisions by UK and EU authorities. There have since been 20 cases reviewed in parallel by the CMA and EC.
In this Platypus post, we consider the merger control cases that have been reviewed by both the CMA and EC, and what the numbers can tell us on the risk of divergence in practice and what to expect in parallel reviews going forward.
Conscious parallelism: is the new fast-track Phase 2 process a win for multi-jurisdictional remedies deals?
The CMA has recently concluded its first ‘fast-track’ Phase 2 cases. While the process resulted in significant time savings, the merger parties had to concede all competition concerns identified by the CMA during its Phase 1 assessment, thereby sacrificing any hope of unconditional clearance at Phase 2.
In this Platypus post, we consider whether the fast-track remedies framework eases the friction in the CMA’s Phase 2 review process for global deal-doers and which transactions might find the increased flexibility as particularly attractive in light of increased complexity and ultimately high CMA deal mortality.
Read our blog post (new release)
Canary Wharf, Not Love Island. Post-Brexit Divergence Ratios: The Prime -Time TV Sequel
This season finale was not just any storm in a port – and it made for gripping viewing. After an in-depth second series, the European Commission conditionally cleared Cargotec/Konecranes in February 2022. For the British remake, the ending was completely changed: the CMA blocked the deal with a new twist on a now-familiar procedural story.
The CMA confounded audience expectations by clearing Facebook/Kustomer at Phase 1 – the subject of our first divergence post. In this Platypus post, we consider the CMA’s post Brexit divergence and why this rupture was so significant from a comity perspective.
Show me the money: should the extent of debt leverage be part of a competition agency’s merger control analysis?
The recent acquisitions by financial sponsor investors of two major UK supermarkets have raised concerns by Parliamentarians (including from the head of the Business Select Committee) and in the media, about highly leveraged structures leading to reduced competition in markets.
Platypus now asks the question: is the fact that an acquisition is highly leveraged relevant to a merger review (and should it be?).
Bucharest syndrome: holding onto hold-separates and resisting a mandatory regime
A quiz for the literarily minded: "How can I escape from this dreadful thing of night, gloom, and fear?" Was it: (a) Jonathan Harker plotting his escape from Castle Dracula; or (b) Platypus on the intricacies of the initial enforcement order or IEO?
We do love to hate them. But as is ever the case, better the devil you know than the devil you don’t… Still, Platypus has some judicious suggestions that would make the IEO process work better for the CMA and for parties alike.
Read our blog post
Decisive Influenc-er? The Proposed UK Backstop to Block the Next ‘Facebook/Instagram’ (Part 1)
Sweeping competition policy reform proposals by the UK Government include a new test which would allow the CMA to block a Big Tech merger to be on the safe side - one that is realistically but not likely to be anti-competitive. In this post, Platypus asks whether it is wise for the UK to legislate a unilateral British answer to a global question.
Read our blog post
The CMA’s new MAGs – Five things to bear in mind for your next deal
The CMA’s new MAGs are here to stay. While in many ways the content of the new MAGs simply codifies the approach to merger review seen in recent years, there are a number of important practical points to be aware of going into your next deal.
Read our blog post
Will Not Sync: The challenge of multi-jurisdictional process and substantive friction post-Brexit
Does it Fit? Not a bit. The CMA would not have worn the Google / Fitbit remedy, as its CEO Dr Andrea Coscelli made clear in a speech on 9 February 2021. Google must be glad for the EU One Stop Shop while it lasted... A Commonwealth tandem of the UK and Australia might have effected a very different outcome had the deal been announced today. This blog post explores the challenge of multi-jurisdictional process and substantive friction post-Brexit.
Read our blog post
The future is now: Brexit and the end of 30 years of the EUMR One Stop Shop for merger control in the UK
We have written previously about the broad jurisdictional scope of UK merger control and the growing trend of interventionism by the CMA. And as the Brexit transition period comes to an end, many mergers will become subject to parallel review by the European Commission and the CMA. This is not only a concern for 2021 and beyond: for deals signing now and in the coming months, the safe harbour is already receding into the distance.
Read our blog post
“Separate and sovereign” – the risk of divergent outcomes in merger control post-Brexit
Companies involved in global deals are finding that increased levels of CMA intervention coupled with the imminent end of the European One Stop Shop for the UK component of transactions, mean that they need to factor into their deals the possibility of a CMA review. This blog post considers the implications of Brexit on merger control, in particular the risk of divergent outcomes for deals involving parallel reviews by the CMA and European Commission.
Read our first Brexit-related post
When is a jurisdictional GOAT not good enough? UK deal nexus and the CMA’s expanded hunt for ‘killer acquisitions’ and harmful vertical mergers
Wearing the iconic section #23 “share of supply test” jersey, the CMA becomes the Michael Jordan of Multi-Jurisdictional merger control – almost unstoppable when motivated. Its superpower is the Greatest Of All Time jurisdictional tests, used to sail over opponents and dunk on foreign-to-foreign “incumbent/challenger” deals. In this Platypus post, we consider the Government’s position that GOAT is not good enough, and that share of supply needs more aerial prowess, but with one toe on British hardcourt – a UK nexus test.
Divergence ratios after Brexit. Parallel EU/UK merger reviews one year on
In the run-up to Brexit, the CMA had made a prediction that parallel reviews of former EUMR one-stop shop cases could mean “an additional 30 to 50 Phase 1 mergers per year”, potentially leading to “half a dozen or so additional Phase 2 cases”. So what does the parallel merger control landscape look like one year after Brexit? The sample size is small, but are there any emerging trends or lessons we can draw out?
Decisive Influenc-er? The Proposed UK Backstop to Block the Next ‘Facebook/Instagram’ (Part 2)
If the UK Government wishes to press ahead with a new regime to block GAFA mergers that are unlikely to harm competition, then it should consider maximising the legitimacy of developing such a powerful weapon.
Last week, we proposed testing for US and EU support in principle as way of increasing legitimacy. This week, we propose a complementary tool to reinforce this… the British courts.
Read our blog post
M&A’s Squid Game? The stretched tentacles of UK merger control reform
The CMA’s expansive interpretation of the current jurisdictional tests has recently been confirmed by the CAT. So why is the Government proposing to stretch the tentacles of UK merger control even further in the name of ‘rebalanced merger control’? What’s left to rebalance? Our latest Platypus post answers these questions and more.
Read our blog post
Bonsai is Beautiful: Market definition in the CMA’s draft Merger Guidelines
Warning: This post is one for the very ssmall but ssignificant ssub-ssection of ssubscribers who self-identify to the Venn diagram overlap between real UK merger control aficion; nerds and scholars of ’80s movie references.
Check back soon for some more useful practical thoughts on the new MAGs when they are published.
Read our blog post
Platypus in the Competition Law Journal: The long arm of UK merger jurisdiction
Platypus team members took a pause from blogging to contribute to the latest issue of the Competition Law Journal, focusing on themes that should be familiar to regular Platypus readers – the CMA’s approach to merger enforcement, the elastic nature of its jurisdiction, and its increasing willingness to intervene in “foreign-to-foreign” deals with limited nexus to the UK.
Read our blog post
Let’s call the whole thing off: the CMA’s transatlantic hunt for killer acquisitions
Astaire and Rogers make dancing on roller skates look easy. The same could be said of the “voluntary” UK regime on the merger control map. Yet there is now a CMA pattern of opposing US-centric or foreign deals with a slender UK nexus in dynamic global markets - especially where the CMA sees itself as hunting down a “killer acquisition”. For M&A partners, roller-dancing outdoors is hard enough, but the trick is to pull it off also in extreme UK weather conditions. Fred and Ginger sing about British vs. American English… so how to avoid the deciding word being a British pronunciation to call the whole thing off? It starts with good skating and accent coaches and careful planning.
Read our earlier killer acquisitions post
The Phase 2 deal mortality meter: there’s more to death than prohibition
Platypus was launched as a weekly internal UK merger control blog in the Linklaters London competition team. Spotting a gap in the market, it introduced the Phase 2 deal mortality rate as our most useful measure for tracking CMA merger control outcomes.
Read our first deal mortality post
It’s Monotrematic: Introducing Platypus and the UK’s merger control regime
The UK’s merger control regime has remarkable similarities to a platypus: it confounds neat classifications. The answer to basic questions about the UK’s regime is both yes and no - is it voluntary? Is there an objective qualifying threshold? Other aspects of the UK’s unique regime allow the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) to go amphibian and reach deals which are off-limits to other authorities.
Read our first Platypus post
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